Litlhaku tse tharo tsa SNP li fumaneha hohle thutong ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa baahi.Ho sa tsotelehe lipatlisiso tsa mafu a batho, boemo ba sebopeho sa lijalo, ho iphetola ha liphoofolo le tikoloho ea limolek'hule, li-SNP lia hlokahala e le motheo.Leha ho le joalo, haeba u se na kutloisiso e tebileng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa morao-rao tse thehiloeng ho tatellano e phahameng, 'me u shebane le litlhaku tsena tse tharo, ho bonahala eka ke "moeti ea tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa", joale u ke ke ua khona ho etsa lipatlisiso tse latelang.Kahoo pele re qala lipatlisiso tse latelang, ha re shebeng hore na SNP ke eng.

SNP (polymorphism e le 'ngoe ea nucleotide), re ka e bona ka lebitso la eona le feletseng la Senyesemane, e bua ka phapang e le 'ngoe ea nucleotide kapa polymorphism.E boetse e na le lebitso le arohaneng, le bitsoang SNV (mofuta o le mong oa nucleotide).Lithutong tse ling tsa batho, ke feela ba nang le palo ea baahi ba phahameng ho feta 1% ba bitsoang SNPs, empa ka kakaretso, tse peli li ka tsoakana.Kahoo re ka re SNP, nucleotide polymorphism e le 'ngoe, e bua ka phetoho eo ho eona nucleotide e le' ngoe ka genome e nkeloang sebaka ke nucleotide e 'ngoe.Ka mohlala, setšoantšong se ka tlase, AT base pair e nkeloa sebaka ke GC base pair, e leng sebaka sa SNP.

Setšoantšo

Leha ho le joalo, ebang ke "polymorphism e le 'ngoe ea nucleotide" kapa "phapang ea nucleotide e le' ngoe", e batla e bua, kahoo data ea SNP e hloka genome resequencing e le motheo, ke hore, data ea tatellano e latellana ka mor'a hore genome ea motho e hlophisitsoe.Ha ho bapisoa le genome, sebaka se fapaneng le genome se fumanoa e le sebaka sa SNP.

Mabapi le li-SNP ka meroho,sesebelisoa sa Plant Direct PCRe ka sebelisoa ho lemoha kapele.

Mabapi le mefuta ea phetoho, SNP e kenyelletsa phetoho le phetoho.Phetoho e bolela ho nkela purines sebaka ka purines kapa pyrimidines ka pyrimidines.Phetoho e bolela ho fapanyetsana sebaka pakeng tsa purines le pyrimidines.Khafetsa ea ketsahalo e tla fapana, 'me monyetla oa phetoho o tla ba holimo ho feta oa phetoho.

Mabapi le moo SNP e hlahang teng, li-SNP tse fapaneng li tla ba le liphello tse fapaneng ho genome.Li-SNP tse hlahang sebakeng sa intergenic, ke hore, sebaka se pakeng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso ho genome, se ka 'na sa se ke sa ama mosebetsi oa genome,' me liphetoho tse ka hare ho intron kapa sebakeng se ka holimo sa mokhahlelo oa liphatsa tsa lefutso li ka ba le tšusumetso e itseng ho liphatsa tsa lefutso;Liphetoho tse etsahalang libakeng tsa exon tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho latela hore na li baka liphetoho ho li-amino acid tse kentsoeng, li na le litlamorao tse fapaneng mesebetsing ea lefutso.(Ha e le hantle, esita le haeba li-SNP tse peli li baka phapang pakeng tsa amino acid, li na le liphello tse fapaneng holim'a sebopeho sa protheine, 'me qetellong liphello tsa phenotype ea likokoana-hloko li ka' na tsa fapana haholo).

Leha ho le joalo, palo ea li-SNP tse hlahang libakeng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso hangata li fokotseha haholo ho feta tsa libaka tseo e seng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, hobane SNP e amang mosebetsi oa liphatsa tsa lefutso hangata e na le tšusumetso e mpe bophelong ba motho ka mong, e leng se etsang hore motho ea jereng SNP ena sehlopheng har'a bona e felisoe.

Ha e le hantle, bakeng sa likokoana-hloko tsa diploid, li-chromosome li teng ka bobeli, empa ho ke ke ha khoneha hore para ea chromosome e tšoane hantle bakeng sa motheo o mong le o mong.Ka hona, li-SNP tse ling le tsona li tla hlaha li le heterozygous, ke hore, ho na le metheo e 'meli sebakeng sena ho chromosome.Ka sehlopha, liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa SNP tsa batho ba fapaneng li kopantsoe hammoho, e leng motheo oa litlhahlobo tse ngata tse latelang.Ha e kopantsoe le litšobotsi, e ka ahloloa hore na SNP e le letšoao la molek'hule e amahanngoa le litšobotsi, QTL (quantitative trait locus) ea tšobotsi e ka ahloloa, le GWAS (thuto ea mokhatlo oa genome-wide) kapa mohaho oa 'mapa oa liphatsa tsa lefutso o ka etsoa;SNP e ka sebelisoa e le letšoao la molek'hule Ahlola kamano ea ho iphetola ha lintho pakeng tsa batho ka bomong;o ka hlahloba li-SNP tse sebetsang le ho ithuta liphetoho tse amanang le mafu;o ka sebelisa liphetoho tsa maqhubu a SNP allele kapa litekanyetso tsa heterozygous le matšoao a mang ho fumana libaka tse khethiloeng ho genome ... joalo-joalo, ho kopantsoe le hona joale Ka tsoelo-pele ea ho latellana ha maemo a phahameng, libaka tse makholo a likete kapa ho feta tsa SNP li ka fumanoa ho tloha ho sete ea data ea ho latellana.Ho ka boleloa hore SNP e se e fetohile motheo oa lipatlisiso tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa baahi.

Ha e le hantle, liphetoho tsa metheo ea genome hase kamehla ho nkelang setsi se seng sebaka le se seng (le hoja ena e le eona e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa).Hape ho ka etsahala hore ebe metheo e le 'ngoe kapa tse' maloa ha li eo, kapa metheo e 'meli.Ho ile ha kenngoa metheo e meng e mengata bohareng.Lethathamo lena le lenyenyane la ho kenya le ho hlakola ka kakaretso le bitsoa InDel (ho kenya le ho hlakola), e bolelang ka ho khetheha ho kenngoa le ho tlosoa ha likhechana tse khutšoanyane (e le 'ngoe kapa metheo e mengata).InDel e hlahang sebakeng sa liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka boela ea e-ba le tšusumetso mosebetsing oa lefutso, kahoo ka linako tse ling InDel e ka boela ea phetha karolo ea bohlokoa lipatlisisong.Empa ka kakaretso, boemo ba SNP e le motheo oa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa baahi bo ntse bo sa sisinyehe.